The problem of environmental polution caused by waste of batik industry lately is increasing, so it needed a method to overcome that problem. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of activated charcoal from coconut fiber palm in adsorbing Reactive Red-120 and Direct Green-26 dyes in waste of batik along with determining the parameters of isotherms adsorption using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer analysis method. Variations of pH, contact time, adsorbent weight and temperature were carried out as variable to obtain optimum conditions of the adsorption process. The optimum of conditions for Reactive Red-120 occured at pH 3 and a contact time of 30 minutes, while Direct Green-26 occurred at pH 4 and a contact time of 40 minutes, with each adsorbent weight 150 mg and the temperature 30°C. Adsorption isotherms determined by Freundlich and Langmuir models with maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) were obtained for the Reactive Red-120 was 400 mg/g, while Direct Green-26 is 169 mg/g.

A. Serangga Predator Predator adalah jenis serangga yang memangsa serangga hama atau serangga lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Predator sering kali mempunyai mangsa yang sama ketika fase pradewasa dan dewasa. Namun terdapat jenis predator yang fase pradewasa dan dewasanya membutuhkan mangsa yang berlainan. Beberapa predator bersifat kanibal, terutama bila terjadi kekurangan makanan. Pada keadaan makanan yang terbatas, individu yang lemah akan dimangsa oleh individu yang kuat. Seperti imago Family Coccinellidae akan memakan telurnya sendiri yang baru diletakkan bila mangsanya yang berupa kutu-kutu tanaman tidak ditemukan (Borror et al., 1996). Maisyaroh (2005) mengemukakan bahwa predator memiliki ciri-ciri antara lain ukuran tubuhnya lebih besar dari mangsa, memakan, atau menghisap mangsanya dengan cepat, dan biasanya predator memerlukan dan memakan banyak mangsa selama hidupnya. Adapun karakteristik umum serangga predator yaitu mengkonsumsi banyak individu mangsa selama hidupnya, umumnya berukuran besar atau relatif lebih besar dari pada mangsanya, menjadi pemangsa ketika sebagai larva/nimfa, dewasa (jantan dan betina), atau keduanya, pemangsa menyerang mangsa dari semua tahap perkembangan, biasanya hidup bebas dan selalu bergerak, mangsa biasanya dimakan langsung, Biasanya bersifat generalis, seringkali memiliki cara khusus untuk menangkap dan menaklukkan mangsanya (Efendi, Yaherwandi, & Nelly, 2017) Beberapa strategi predator saat menangkap mangsa adalah diam menunggu, menyergap, insinuasi (menenangkan mangsanya yang aktif), teknik umpan dan menangkap (kepik pembunuh), terbang (Ordo Odonata dan Ordo Diptera), dan kleptoparasitisme (mendapatkan mangsa dengan mencuri dari serangga lain). Predator dalam menemukan mangsanya sama dengan hama dan parasitoid, yaitu memiliki beberapa tahapan di antaranya tahapan penemuan habitat mangsa, penemuan mangsa, penerimaan mangsa dan kesesuaian mangsa (New, 1991). Predator memiliki peranan penting dalam penekanan populasi serangga hama, karena dapat meningkatkan mortalitas hama. Menurut Untung,

Sidamulya Village is a center for producing shallots in Jalaksana District, Kuningan Regency. In the village there is a Mekarjaya 1 farmer group that has marketed its products, namely sumenep fried onions to the fried onion industry. The demand for sumenep shallots is continuous every day, so the supply of shallots must be continuous as well. There were several actors involved in the shallot supply chain that have a business process and bear certain risks. Therefore this study was conducted to analyze the risks that arise from each supply chain actor, as well as mitigation to minimize losses caused by using the House of Risk (HOR) method. The results showed that there were 17 priority risks consisting of 4 risks to farmers, 4 risks to dealers, 4 risks to PO Mekar Wangi and 5 risks to POSedap Wangi. The risk mitigation that can be done by the Mekarjaya Farmers Group 1 is the use of pesticides, the risk mitigation that can be carried out by the dealer is to inform farmers about settin...

Ants are important predators and are predicted to protect plants from pests if they are understood and researched properly. Ants belong to predatory insects because they are active and strong and prey on smaller, weaker insects. This study aims to determine the ant population approaching prey (pests in rice plants) and determine the time it takes for ants to find prey first. This research was conducted from September to November 2019 in the Labuangpatu Environment, Mappadaelo Village, Tanasitolo District, Wajo Regency. The results of this study indicate that the population size affects the speed of the ant species that can find prey where sooner or later the more population the faster the ant can find prey. Ant species Solenopsis sp is the most common ant species found in rice fields so it is easier to find prey. The speed at which ants find prey has no effect on the speed at which ants paralyze prey. The ant species Oecophylla sp is the ant species that most quickly paralyzes prey ...

The purpose of this research is to know more about the influence of cigarette’s smoke to the quantity, mouse’s spermatozoa during one cycle of spermatogenesis. This research used the method of Post Test Only Control Group Design. The sample is about 24 male mice which criteria 2-3 month old, male, 25-35 gr weight. The result of the research to quantity of spermatozoa by Anova test showed the significant connection (α> 0.05) between control group with behavior, average the spermatozoa motility decrease if compare with control. Preferable if we want to know more about the influence of cigarette to the quality of sperm, we will need a test to the other quality suvh pH, velocity, viscosity and DNA of spermatoza. Key words : quality of spermatozoa, cigarettes, male mouse

ABSTRAK Sari wortel (Daucus carrota) bubuk merupakan suatu produk olahan wortel yang larut baik dalam air dingin maupun panas saat diseduh, namun perlu diaduk jika akan dikonsumsi. Salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan kepraktisan dan kesegaran adalah dengan cara dibuat serbuk effervescent sari wortel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan formulasi serbuk effervescent terhadap sifat fisik dan tingkat kesukaan serbuk effervescent sari wortel. Serbuk effervescent sari wortel dibuat 5 formula dengan jumlah sari wortel bubuk sama pada setiap formula yaitu 200 g, variasi rasio natrium bikarbonat dan asam (asam tartrat dan asam sitrat) sebagai berikut : formula 1 = 2,5 : (2 : 1), formula 2 = 2,5 : (1,5 : 1), formula 3 = 3,5 : (2 : 1), formula 4 = 3,5 : (1,5 : 1) dan formula 5 = 3 : (1,5 : 1). Semua bahan dicampur dengan metode kering, kemudian serbuk effervescent yang dihasilkan disaring dengan ayakan 20 mesh. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap waktu alir, sudut diam, nilai pengetapan, nilai pH, waktu larut dan tingkat kesukaan terhadap warna, rasa, aroma, dam kesukaan keseluruhan. Serbuk effervescent terbaik ditentukan kadar air dan kadar ß-karoten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minuman serbuk effervescent yang terdiri dari sari wortel bubuk 200 g, rasio natrium bikarbonat dan asam (asam tartrat dan asam sitrat) yaitu 2,5 : (2 : 1) atau 135 g natrium bikarbonat, 108 g asam tartrat dan 54 g asam sitrat paling disukai. Kadar air 2,23 % dan kadar ß-karotennya sebesar 0,29 µg ß-karoten/g bk. Kata kunci: formulasi, serbuk effervescent sari wortel, natrium bikarbonat, asam tartrat dan asam sitrat. ABSTRACT Carrot extract powder is product which soluble in both of cold and hot water. However, a mild stirring processed is chill needed to accelerate the solubility. Therefore, effervescent principles were introduced to improve the solubility character. This research was conducted to evaluate the various effervescent formulas on the physical properties and the consumer preferences. Carrot extract effervescent were prepared based on five formulas, which containing 200 g carrot extract powder on each formula. The ratio of sodium bicarbonate and acids (tartaric and citric acid) were 2.5 : (2 : 1) (formula 1), 2.5 : (1.5 : 1) (formula 2), 3.5 : (2 : 1) (formula 3), 3.5 : (1.5 :1) (formula 4) and 3.5 : (1.5 : 1) (formula 5). All materials were then dry mixed and screened with 20 mesh size of wire (stainless steel). The powders were analyzed the flow ability, angel of repose, compressibility, disintegration time and consumer preferences. The result showed carrot extract effervescent powder prepared with 200 g of carrot extract powder, 135 g of sodium bicarbonate, 108 g of tartaric acid and 54 g of citric acid (formula 1) was the preferable product. The water and ß-carotene content were 2.23 % and 0.29 µg/g (dw) respectively.

Ulat api merupakan salah satu jenis hama yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan berat pada tajuk tanaman kelapa sawit. Laporan serangan ulat api dengan intensitas berat seringkali terjadi sepanjang tahun di Sumatera Utara yang selama beberapa tahun terakhir didominasi oleh Setothosea asigna, Setora nitens dan Parasa lepida. Selain ketiga spesies tersebut, beberapa jenis ulat api minor juga telah dilaporkan keberadaannya sejak 30 tahun yang lalu, termasuk ulat api kecil Narosa rosipuncta. Pada semester kedua tahun 2019, ledakan N. rosipuncta terjadi di salah satu kebun kelapa sawit di wilayah Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara dengan luas total serangan 28 hektar. Ledakan populasi ulat api minor N. rosipuncta tersebut mengindikasikan tidak berlangsungnya mekanisme pengendalian alami di lapangan selain pelaksanaan monitoring yang tidak konsisten. Upaya pengendalian untuk menurunkan populasi N. rosipuncta secara cepat telah berhasil dilakukan dengan aplikasi insektisida berbahan aktif delt...